How to use EiBi frequency lists. ================================ OVERVIEW A) Conditions of use. B) How to use. C) Available formats. D) Codes used. ================================ A) Conditions of use. All my frequency lists are free of cost, and any person is absolutely free to download, use, copy, or distribute these files or to use them within third-party software. Should any mistake, omission or misinformation be found in my lists, please send your helpful comment to Eike.Bierwirth (at) gmx.de [replace the "(at)" by the @ sign] B) How to use. I) Try to identify a signal on the radio: You will need to know the frequency you tuned to in kHz, and the time of the reception in UTC. Search for the frequency in the list. Check all entries for this frequency: - The listening time should fall inbetween the start and end times given for the broadcast. - The day of the week should match. (If none is given in the list, the broadcast is daily.) - Try to guess the language you hear, if you don't know it. - Try to estimate the probability of propagation. The last column gives you information about the transmitter site (if not, the transmitter is in the home country of the station.) The target-area code should give you a clue if the signal is beamed in your direction or not. If you are right in the target area, great. If you are "behind" it (from the transmitter's point of view) or inbetween, your chances are also good. If the line connecting transmitter and target area is perpendicular to the line connecting the transmitter to your location, chances are lower. They are also lower if the target area is very close to the transmitter, while you are far away. Still, all rules can be turned upside-down by propagation conditions. You might sit in a good direction but the waves may skip 80 kilometers above you in the ionosphere. Listed information may be wrong, misleading, or outdated. Transmitters may fail, be upgraded, or drift in frequency. Transmitter sites may change (for example, fire in the control room, hurricane tore the antenna down, and transmissions have all been redirected to the Jülich transmitter). Broadcasters and transmitter operators may mix up programmes or tune to the wrong frequency. My lists will be useful for fast identification of many stations on the band, but in a number of cases it will be of no use to you or it may bring you to a wrong conclusion. NO WARRANTY in case of a wrong ID, an embarrasingly wrong log or reception report sent out etc. The ONLY 100% ID is that which you hear on the radio yourself. Even QSLs may be wrong. II) Find a broadcast you would like to hear: Make extensive use of the SEARCH and SORT functions of the computer programme which you use. For text-format files I use TextPad, a freely downloadable text editor. Software has been written by very nice colleages of us to display the files in a more convenient manner, namely: ShortwaveLog, by Robert Sillett, N3OEA, which you can find on http://www.shortwavelog.com/ RadioExplorer, by Dmitry Nefedov, Russia, which you can find on http://www.radioexplorer.com.ru/ For the CSV files, I recommend the GuindaSoft Lister, freely downloadable from http://guindasoft.impreseweb.com/utile/utile.html Click on the column headers to sort first by time, then by language or station or however you wish. Try it out. C) Available formats. Since B06, the fundamental database is a CSV semicolon-separated list. IDL is used to transfer this into a frequency-sorted and a time-sorted text file. Naming of files is sked-Xzz.csv for the CSV database; freq-Xzz.txt for the frequency-sorted text file; bc-Xzz.txt for the time-sorted text file; where Xzz stands for the current broadcasting season: X=A: Summer season X=B: Winter season zz: Two-character number for the year. E.g., A99: Summer season 1999 B06: Winter season 2006/2007. The change from A to B or from B to A usually coincides with the change of clock to or from Daylight Saving Time in many parts of the world. The U.S.A., however, decided to use Daylight Saving Time for an even longer period, beginning in 2007. The download of freq and bc files shall furthermore be possible in PDF, DOC, and zipped format. D) Codes used. I) Language codes. II) Country codes. III) Target-area codes. IV) Transmitter-site codes. I) Lanuage codes. Numbers are number of speakers. 4m = 4 millions. On the right in [brackets] the German translation, if significantly different. -TS Time Signal Station [Zeitzeichensender] A Arabic [Arabisch] AB Abkhaz: Georgia (0.1m) [Abchasisch] AC Aceh: Sumatera, Indonesia ACH Achang (South-East Asia) AD Adygea: Caucasus (0.2m) ADI Adi: India-Assam (0.4m) AF Afrikaans: South Africa, Namibia (6.4m) AFA Afar: Djibouti (0.3m), Ethiopia (0.45m), Eritrea (0.3m) AFG Pashto and Dari (main Afghan languages) AH Amharic: Ethiopia (20m) [Amharisch] AK Akha: Burma (0.2m), China-Yunnan (0.13m) AL Albanian: Albania (Tosk)(3m), Macedonia/Yugoslavia (Gheg)(2m) [Albanisch] ALG Algerian (Arabic) AM Amoy: S China (25m), Taiwan (15m), SoEaAsia (5m); very close to TW-Taiwanese) Ang Angelus programme of Vaticane Radio AR Armenian: Armenia (3m), USA (1m), RUS,GEO,SYR,LBN,IRN,EGY [Armenisch] AR-W: Western, AR-E: Eastern ARO Aromanian: Greece, Albania, Macedonia (0.1m) ARU Arunachal (India) ASS Assamese: Assam/India (14m) ASY Assyrian: Middle East (0.1m) [Assyrisch] ATS Atsi / Zaiwa (Myanmar: 13,000; China: 70,000) Aud Papal Audience (Vaticane Radio) [Audienz des Papstes] AV Avar: Dagestan, S Russia (0.6m) [Awarisch] AW Awadhi: N&Ce India (20m) AY Aymara: Bolivia (2m) AZ Azeri: Azerbaijan (7m) [Aserbaidschanisch] B Brazilian (Portuguese dialect) [Brasil.Portugiesisch] BAD Badaga: India-Tamil Nadu (0.17m) BAG Bagri (India 1.7m, PAK 0.2m) BAJ Bajau: Malaysia-Sabah (50,000) BAK Baku (SE Asia) BAL Balinese: Bali / Indonesia (4m) [Balinesisch] BAN Banjar: Indonesia/Borneo (3m) BAO Baoule: Cote d'Ivoire (2m) BAR Bari: S Sudan (0.3m) BAS Bashkir: Ce Russia (1m) [Baschkirisch] BAY Bayash Romani / Gypsy (Serbia, Croatia) BB Braj Bhasa/Braj Bhasha: India (40,000) BC Baluchi: Pakistan (1m), Iran (0.5m), Afghanistan (0.2m) BE Bengali/Bangla: Bangladesh (100m), India (68m) BEM Bemba (Zambia) BH Bhili: Ce India (1.6m) BHN Bahnar (Vietnam) BI Bile: Eritrea-Keren (70,000) BID Bidayuh (Malaysia-Sarawak) BIS Bisaya (Malaysia-Sarawak) BJ Bhojpuri/Bihari: India (23m), Nepal (1.4m) BK Balkarian (Russian Caucasus) BLK Balkan Romani (Gypsy) (Bulgaria, 1m) [Roma-Sprache] BLT Balti: Pakistan (0.3m) BM Bambara: Mali (2.7m) BNA Borana Oromo: Ethiopia (4m) BNG Bangala (Ce Angola) BNJ Banjari / Gormati / Lambadi (India-Maharashtra,Karnataka,Andhra Pr.: 2m) BOR Boro / Bodo (India-Assam,W Bengal: 0.5m) BOS Bosnian (derived from Serbocroat) (4m) [Bosnisch] BR Burmese (Barma / Myanmar) [Birmanisch] BRA Brahui: Pakistan (1.5m), Afghanistan (0.2m) BRI Brij (India) Bru Bru (Vietnam) BSL Bislama (Vanuatu) BT Black Tai / Tai Dam (Vietnam: 500,000) BTK Batak-Toba (Indonesia/Sumatra) BU Bulgarian: Bulgaria (8m), Moldova (0.36m), Ukraine (0.2m) [Bulgarisch] BUG Bugis (Indonesia/Celebes/Sunda) BUK Bukharian (Central Asia - Uzbek??) BUN Bundeli / Bundelkhandi (India: 1m) BUR Buryat (South Siberia, similar to Mongolian) [Burjatisch] BY Byelorussian [Weissrussisch] C Chinese (if not specified) [Chinesisch] CA Cantonese / Yue (South China 50m, others 15m) [Kantonesisch] CC Chaochow (South China, close to TW-Taiwanese, AM-Amoy, SWT-Swatow) CD Chowdary/Chaudhry/Chodri (India) CEB Cebuano (Philippines) CH Chin (not further specified) C-A Chin-Asho: Myanmar-Arakan Hills (10,000) C-D Chin-Daai (Myanmar) Chinyanja: See NY-Nyanja CHE Chechen (Chechnya, S Russia) [Tschetschenisch] CHG Chattisgarhi: India-Mad.Pr.,Orissa,Bihar (11m) CHI Chitrali C-K Chin-Khumi: Myanmar (77,000) C-O Chin-Thado (India) CHR Chrau (Vietnam) CHT Chatrali (Pakistan) CHU Chuwabu (Mozambique) C-T Chin-Tidim: Myanmar (0.2m), India (0.15m) C-Z Chin-Zomin / Zomi-Chin CI Circassic (Cherkessia, S Russia) [Tscherkessisch] CKM Chakma (India) CKW Chokwe: Angola (0.5m), DR Congo (0.5m) COF Cofan (Ecuador) COK Cook Islands Maori CR Creole (Caribbean) [Kreolisch] CRU Chru (Vietnam) CT Catalan: Spain, Andorra (31000) [Katalanisch] CV Chuvash (Chuvashia/Russia) [Tschuwaschisch] CW Chewa /Chichewa (Malawi) CZ Czech [Tschechisch] D German [Deutsch] D-P Lower German (Northern Germany, USA) [Plattdeutsch] DA Danish [Daenisch] DAO Dao: Vietnam (0.5m) DD Dhodiya (India) DEG Degar / Montagnard (Vietnam) DH Dhivehi (Maldives) DI Dinka (Sudan) DIA Dial Arabic (North Africa) DN Damara-Nama service in Namibia (Languages: Damara, Nama) DO Dogri-Kangri: N India (2m) DR Dari / Eastern Farsi: Afghanistan (6m), Pakistan (1m) DU Dusun (Malaysia-Sabah) DUN Dungan (Central Asia) DY Dyula (Burkina, Ivory Coast, Mali) DZ Dzonkha: Bhutan (0.4m) E English EC Eastern Cham (Vietnam) EDI English, German, Italian E-C Col.English (S Sudan) EGY Egyptian Arabic E-L English Learning Programme (BBC) [Englisch-Sprachkurs] EO Esperanto ES Estonian [Estnisch] Ewe Ewe (Ghana) F French [Franzoesisch] FA Faroese [Faeringisch] FI Finnish [Finnisch] FJ Fijian FON Fon (West Africa) FP Filipino FS Farsi / Persian [Persisch] FT Fiote (Angola-Cabinda) FU Fulani/Fulfulde (0.25m BFA, 0.3m BEN, 5m CME) FUJ FutaJalon (West Africa) Fujian: see TW-Taiwanese GA Garhwali: India-Kashmir,Uttar Pr. (2m) GD Greenlandic [Groenlaendisch] GE Georgian [Georgisch] GJ Gujari/Gojri (India/Pakistan) GL Galicic/Gallego (Spain) [Gallizisch] GM Gamit: India-Gujarat (0.2m) GO Gorontalo (Indonesia) GON Gondi (India-Madhya Pr.,Maharashtra: 3m) GR Greek [Griechisch] GU Gujarati: India (43m) GUA Guaraní (Paraguay) GUR Gurage/Guragena: Ethiopia (1m) HA Haussa (Nigeria) HAD Hadiya (Ethiopia) HB Hebrew (Israel) [Hebraeisch] HD Hindko (Pakistan) HI Hindi: India (180m) HK Hakka (South China 26m, TWN 2m, others 6m) Hokkien: see TW-Taiwanese HM Hmong (Vietnam) HMA Hmar (India - Assam,Manipur,Mizoram 50,000) HMB Hmong-Blue/Njua (Laos/Thailand) HMW Hmong-White/Daw (Laos/Thailand) HN Hani (S China) HO Ho (India) HR Croatian (Hrvatski) [Kroatisch] Hre Hre (Vietnam) HU Hungarian [Ungarisch] HUA Huarani (Ecuador) HZ Hazaragi: Afghanistan (1.4m), Iran (0.3m) I Italian [Italienisch] IB Iban (Malaysia - Sarawak) Ibo Ibo (Africa) IG Igbo (Nigeria) ILC Ilocano (Philippines) ILG Ilonggo (Philippines) IN Indonesian / Bahasa Indonesia [Indonesisch] INU Inuktikut (Inuit language, Canada/Greenland) IRQ Iraqi IS Icelandic [Islaendisch] J Japanese [Japanisch] Jeh Jeh (Vietnam) JG Jingpho (SE Asia) JL Joula/Jula (West Africa) JOR Jordanian JR Jarai / Giarai / Jra (Vietnam) JU Juba (Arabic; Chad, Sudan) JV Javanese (Java/Indonesia) K Korean [Koreanisch] KA Karen (Burma) K-P Karen-Pao (Burma) K-S Karen-Sgaw (Burma) K-W Karen-Pwo (Burma) KAD Kadazan (Malaysia - Sabah) KAL Kalderash Romani (Gypsy) (Romania) [Roma-Sprache] KAB Kabardino (Caucasus) KAM Kambaata (Ethiopia) KAN Kannada (South India) KAO Kaonde (Zambia) KAR Karelian (Russia, close to Finnish border). [Karelisch] Programme includes Finnish and Vespian parts. KAT Katu (Vietnam) KAY Kayan (Burma) KB Kabyle: Algeria (2.5m) [Kabylisch/Berber] KBO Kok Borok/Tripuri: India (0.7m) KC Kachin (Burma) KG Kyrgyz /Kirghiz: Kyrgystan (2.5m), China (0.1m) [Kirgisisch] KH Khmer: Cambodia (6m), Vietnam (0.7m) [Kambodschanisch] KHA Kham / Khams, Eastern (NE Tibet: 1m) KHM Khmu (Laos 400,000, Vietnam 40,000) KIM Kimwani (East Africa) KiR KiRundi: Burundi (0.45m) KK KiKongo/Kongo: DR Congo, Angola (3.5m) KMB Kimbundu/Mbundu/Luanda: Angola (3m) KNK KinyaRwanda-KiRundi service of the Voice of America / BBC KNU Kanuri: Nigeria (3m), Chad (0.1m), Niger,Cameroon (0.1m) KO Kosovar Albanian (Kosovo/Serbia) KOH Koho/Kohor (Vietnam) KOM Komering (Indonesia) KON Konkani (India) KOY Koya (India-Andhra Pr.: 300,000) KPK Karakalpak (W Uzbekistan) KRB Karbi / Mikir / Manchati (NE India: 0.5m) KRI Krio (Sierra Leone) KRW KinyaRwanda (Rwanda) KS Kashmiri: India (4m), Pakistan (0.1m) KU Kurdish KuA Kurdish and Arabic KuF Kurdish and Farsi KUI Kui (India) KUL Kulina (Brazil) K/k Kirmanji Kurdish K/s Sorani Kurdish KUK Kuki (India) KUM Kumaoni/Kumauni (India) KUN Kunama: Eritrea (0.14m) KUR Kurukh: India (2m) KUT Kutchi (India 800,000) KWA Kwanyama/Kuanyama (Ce Angola) KYK Kayan/Kenyah (Malaysia-Sarawak) KZ Kazakh: Kazakhstan (7m), China (1m), Mongolia (0.1m) [Kasachisch] L Latin [Lateinisch] LA Ladino (Hispanic Jewish lang.) LAH Lahu (China 400,000; Myanmar 150,000) LAM Lampung (Indonesia) LAO Lao [Laotisch] LaS Ladino and Spanish LB Lun Bawang / Murut (Malaysia-Sarawak) LBO Limboo (NE India) LEP Lepcha (NE India) LHO Lhotshampa (Bhutan) LIM Limba (Sierra Leone) LIN Lingala (Congo) LIS Lisu (Burma/S China) LND Lunda Ndembo (Angola) LO Lomwe (Mocambique) LOZ Lozi / Silozi (Zambia 500,000, ZWE+BOT 100,000) LT Lithuanian [Litauisch] LTO Oriental Liturgy of Vaticane Radio [Oestl.Lithurgie] LU Lunda (Angola) LUC Luchazi: Angola (0.24m), Zambia (0.05m) LUN Lunyaneka/Nyaneka: Angola (0.4m) LUR Luri (Iran) LUV Luvale (Angola) LV Latvian [Lettisch] M Mandarin (Standard Chinese / Beijing dialect) MA Maltese [Maltesisch] MAD Madurese (Madura / Indonesia) MAG Maghi/Magahi/Maghai (India) MAI Maithili / Maithali (India: 22m, Nepal: 2m) MAK Makonde (Tanzania/Mocambique) MAL Malayalam (South India) MAM Mamay / Rahanwein (Somalia) MAN Manchu (Vietnam) MAO Maori (New Zealand) MAR Marathi (India) MAS Masaai/Massai/Masai (E Africa) MC Macedonian (2m) [Makedonisch] MCH Mavchi/Mouchi/Mauchi/Mawchi (India-Gujarat,Maharashtra: 72,000) MEI Meithei/Manipuri: India (1.3m) MEN Mende (Sierra Leone) MEW Mewari/Mewadi (India) MIE Mien / Iu Mien: S China (0.5m), Vietnam (0.3m) MKB Minangkabau (Indonesia) MKS Makasar (Indonesia) MKU Makua / Makhuwa (N Mocambique) ML Malay: Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei (18m) [Malaiisch] MLK Malinke (West Africa) MNO Mnong: Vietnam (0.1m) MO Mongolian / Halh (MNG: 2m) [Mongolisch] MOc Chinese / Peripheral Mongolian (N China: 3m) Mon Mon (Burma) MOO Moore: Burkina Faso (4.5m) MOR Moro/Moru (S Sudan) MR Maronite MRC Moroccan (Arabic) MRI Mari (Russia) MRU Maru (Burma) MSY Malagasy (Madagaskar) [Madegassisch] MUG Mugrabian (North Africa) MUN Mundari: India (1.5m) MUO Muong (Vietnam) MUR Murut (Malaysia-Borneo) MW Marwari / Rajasthani (India) MZ Mizo (South Asia) NAG Naga-Makware (India/Burma) NDA Ndau (Mocambique) NDE Ndebele (S Africa/Zimbabwe) NE Nepali: Nepal (10m), India (6m) [Nepalesisch] NG Nagpuri / Sadani / Sadri (NE India: 2m) NGA Ngangela/Nyemba (Angola) NI Ni (South Asia) NIC Nicobari (Nicobar Islands, India) NIU Niuean (Niue / S Pacific) NL Dutch (Nederlands) [Niederlaendisch] Flemish is included here ;-) NO Norwegian [Norwegisch] NP Nupe (Nigeria) NU Nuer: Sudan (0.75m), Ethiopia (0.04m) NUN Nung (Vietnam) NW Newari (India) NY Nyanja / Chinyanja (Malawi 3m, Zambia 1m, ZWE+MOZ 1m) OG Ogan (Indonesia) OH Otjiherero service in Namibia (Languages: Herero, SeTswana) OO Oromo: Ethiopia (8m) OR Oriya / Orissa (India) OS Ossetic (Caucasus) [Ossetisch] OW Oshiwambo service in Angola and Namibia (Languages: Ovambo, Kwanyama) P Portuguese [Portugiesisch] PAL Palaung - Pale (Burma 300,000) PED Pedi (S Africa) PF Pashto and Farsi PJ Punjabi (India/Pakistan) PO Polish (Poland) [Polnisch] POT Pothwari (Pakistan) PS Pashto / Pushtu: Afghanistan (8m), Iran (0.1m) PU Pulaar (Africa) Q Quechua: Bolivia (2.8m) QQ Qashqai R Russian [Russisch] RAD Rade/Ede (Vietnam) REN Rengao (Vietnam) RH Rahanwein (Somalia) RO Romanian [Rumaenisch] ROG Roglai (Vietnam) ROM Romanes (Gypsy) [Roma-Sprache] Ros Rosary session of Vaticane Radio [Rosenkranz] RWG Rawang (Burma) S Spanish [Spanisch] SAD Sadari (India) SAH Saho: Eritrea, South (0.14m) SAM Samayiki (India) SAN Sango (Central African Rep.) SAS Sasak (Indonesia) SC Serbo-Croat (Yugoslav language before the [Serbokroatisch] national and linguistic separation) SCA Scandinavian languages (Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish) SD Sindhi: Pakistan (17m), India (3m) SED Sedang (Vietnam) SEF Sefardi (Jewish language in Spain) SEN Sena (Mocambique) SGA Shangaan (Mocambique) SGK Sgaw Karan SGM Sara Gambai (Chad) SGO Songo (Angola) SHA Shan (Burma) SHk Shan-Khamti (Burma) SHC Sharchogpa (Bhutan) SHE Sheena (Pakistan) SHO Shona (Zimbabwe) SHP Sherpa (India,Nepal: 30,000) SHU Shuwa (Arabic of Central Africa, Chad) SI Sinhalese (Sri Lanka) SID Sidamo/Sidama (Ethiopia, Eritrea) SIK Sikkimese (NE India) Silozi: See LOZ-Lozi SIR Siraiki (Pakistan) SK Slovak [Slowakisch] SLM Solomon Islands Pidgin (Solomon Isl., S.Pacific) SM Samoan: Samoa (0.2m), USA (0.1m) SNK Sanskrit (India) SNT Santhali: India (5.5m), Bangladesh (0.15m) SO Somali SON Songhai: Mali (0.6m), Niger (0.4m), Burkina (0.1m) SOT SeSotho (Lesotho) SOU Sous (North Africa) SR Serbian [Serbisch] SRA Soura / Saurashtra (India-Tamil N.,Karnataka,Andhra Pr.: 300,000) STI Stieng: Vietnam (50,000) SUD Sudanese (Arabia) SUN Sundanese (Indonesia) SUS Sousou (West Africa) SV Slovenian [Slowenisch] SWA Swahili (Kenya/Tanzania/Uganda) [Kisuaheli] SWE Swedish [Schwedisch] SWT Swatow (China) SWZ SiSwati (Swaziland) SYL Syrian-Lebanese Arabic T Thai TAG Tagalog (Philippines) TAH Tachelhit (North Africa) TAM Tamil (South India / Sri Lanka) [Tamilisch] TB Tibetan: Tibet (1m), India (0.1m) [Tibetisch] TEL Telugu (South India) TEM Temme (Sierra Leone) TFT Tarifit (North Africa) TGR Tigre (Ethiopia/Eritrea) (not = Tigrinya) THA Tharu Buksa (India-Nainital: 20,000) TIG Tigrinya (Eritrea/Ethiopia) TJ Tajik [Tadschikisch] TK Turkmen [Turkmenisch] TL Tai-Lu / Lu (S China:250,000;BRM:200,000;others 100,000) TM Tamazight (North Africa) TMJ Tamajeq (West Africa) TN Tai-Nua / Chinese Shan (S China: 250,000; LAO,BRM: 200,000) TNG Tonga (Zambia) TO Tongan (Tonga, So.Pacific) TOK Tokelau (Tokelau, So.Pacific) TOR Torajanese (Indonesia) TP Tok Pisin (PNG pidgin) TS Tswana: Botswana (1m), South Africa (3m) TSA Tsangla: Bhutan (0.4m). Close to Sharchagpakha. TSH Tshwa (Mocambique) TT Tatar: Central Russia, Volga (7m) TTB Tatar-Bashkir service of Radio Liberty TU Turkish: Turkey (46m), Bulgaria (0.8m) [Tuerkisch] TUL Tulu (South India) TUM Tumbuka (Malawi) TUN Tunisian (Arabic) TUR Turki TV Tuva / Tuvinic (Tannu-Tuva, S Siberia) and Russian [Tuwinisch] TW Taiwanese / Fujian / Hokkien (CHN 25m, TWN 15m, others 9m) Twi Twi/Akan: Ghana (7m - Ashanti language) TZ Tamazight/Berber: Morocco (2m), Algeria (1m) UD Udmurt (Ce Russia) UI Uighur: China/Xinjiang (7m), Kazakhstan (0.2m) [Uigurisch] UK Ukrainian [Ukrainisch] UM Umbundu: Angola (4m) UR Urdu: Pakistan (54m) UZ Uzbek (Southern Variant: 1m in Afghanistan) [Usbekisch] V Vasco (Basque / Spain) [Baskisch] Ves Vespers (Vaticane Radio) [Vesper] Vn Vernacular = local languages (maybe various) [Lokalsprache] VN Vietnamese [Vietnamesisch] VV Vasavi (India) VX Vlax Romani (Balkans) W Wolof (Senegal) Wa Wa (S China / Burma) WE Wenzhou (China) WT White Tai / Tai Don (Vietnam,Laos: 400,000) WU Wu (China - Jiangsu, Zhejiang: 80m) XH Xhosa (South Africa) YAO Yao (Mocambique) Yi Yi (S China: 6 Yi dialects of each 300-800,000) YI Yiddish (Jewish) [Jiddisch] YK Yakutian / Sakha (Rep.Sakha, Siberia/Russia) [Jakutisch] YO Yoruba: Nigeria (20m) YOL Yolngu (NE Arnhem Land, NT, Australia; 7000 speakers) YZ Yezidish (Armenia) Z Zulu (South Africa) ZA Zarma/Zama (West Africa) ZD Zande (S Sudan) ZG Zaghawa (Chad) ZH Zhuang: S China (2 Zhuang dialects of 10m and 4m) Zomi-Chin: see Chin-Zomi (C-Z) II) Country codes. Countries are referred to by their ITU code. Here is a list: ABW Aruba ADM Andaman & Nicobar Island AFG Afghanistan AFS South Africa AGL Angola AIA Anguilla ALB Albania ALG Algeria ALS Alaska AMS Saint Paul & Amsterdam Is. AND Andorra ANO Annobon I. ARG Argentina ARM Armenia ARS Saudi Arabia ASC Ascension I. ATA Antarctica ATG Antigua ATN Netherlands Leeward Antilles ATW Netherlands Windward Antilles AUS Australia AUT Austria AVE Aves I. AZE Azerbaijan AZR Azores B Brasil BAH Bahamas BAL Balleny Is. BAN Banaba (Ocean I.) BDI Burundi BEL Belgium BEN Benin BER Bermuda BFA Burkina Faso BGD Bangla Desh BHR Bahrain BIH Bosnia-Hertsegovina BIO Chagos Is. (Diego Garcia) (British Indian Ocean Territory) BLR Belarus BLZ Belize BOL Bolivia BOT Botswana BOV Bouvet I. BRB Barbados BRM Burma (Myanmar) BRU Brunei BTN Bhutan BUL Bulgaria CAB Cabinda CAF Central African Republic CAN Canada CBG Cambodia CEU Ceuta CGO Republic of Congo (capital Brazzaville) CHL Chile CHN China (People's Republic) CHR Chrstmas I. (Indian Ocean) CKH Cook Is. (South) (Rarotonga) CKN North Cook Isls. (Manihiki) CLM Colombia CLN Sri Lanka CLP Clipperton CME Cameroon CNR Canary Is. COM Comores CPV Cape Verde Is. CRO Crozet I. CTI Ivory Coast CTR Costa Rica CUB Cuba CVA Vatican State CYM Cayman Is. CYP Gyprus CZE Czech Republic D Germany DAI Daito Is. DES Desventurados Is. DJI Djibouti DMA Dominica DNK Denmarlc DOM Dominican Republic DRC Democratic Republic of Congo (capital Kinshasa) E Spain EGY Egypt EQA Ecuador ERI Eritrea EST Estonia ETH Ethiopia EUR Iles Europe & Bassas da India F France FAR Faroe Is. FIN Finland FJI Fiji Is. FLK Falkland Is. FSM Federated States of Micronesia G Great Britain and Northern Ireland GAB Gabon GDL Guadeloupe GEO Georgia GHA Ghana GIB Gibraltar GMB Gambia GNB Guinea-Bissau GNE Equatorial Guinea GPG Galapagos Is. GRC Greece GRD Grenada GRL Greenland GTB Guantanamo Bay GTM Guatemala GUF French Guyana GUI Guinea GUM Guam GUY Guyana HKG Hong Kong, part of China HMD Heard & McDonaid Is. HND Honduras HNG Hungary HOL Netherlands HRV Croatia HTI Haiti HWA Hawaii Is. HWL Howland & Baker Is. I Italy ICO Cocos I. IND India INS Indonesia IRL Ireland IRN Iran IRQ Iraq ISL Iceland ISR Israel IWA Ogasawara (Bonin, Iwo Jima) J Japan JAF Jarvis (US Southem Line Isl.) JDN Juan de Nova Island JMC Jamaica JMY Jan Mayen JON Johnston Atoll JOR Jordan JUF Juan Femandez I. KAL Kaliningrad KAZ Kazakstan KEN Kenya KER Kerguelen KGZ Kyrgyzstan KIR Kiribati KOR Korea, South KRE Korea, North KWT Kuwait LAO Laos LBN Lebanon LBR Liberia LBY Libya LCA Saint Lucia LIE Liechtenstein LSO Lesotho LTU Lithuania LUX Luxembourg LVA Latvia MAC Macao MAU Mauritius MCO Monaco MDA Moldova MDG Madagascar MDR Madeira MEL Melilla MEX Mexico MKD Macedonia MLA Malaysia MLD Maldives MLI Mali MLT Malta MNE Montenegro MNG Mongolia MOZ Mozambique MRA Northern Mariana Islands MRC Morocco MRL Marshail Is. MRN Marion & Prince Edward Is. MRQ Marquesas Is. MRT Martinique MSR Montserrat MTN Mauritania MWI Malawi MYT Mayotte NCG Nicaragua NCL New Caledonia NFK Norfolk I. NGR Niger NIG Nigeria NIU Niue NMB Namibia NOR Norway NPL Nepal NRU Nauru NZL New Zealand OCE Society Is. (Tahiti) OMA Oman PAK Pakistan PAL Palau PAQ Easter Island PHL Philippines PHX Phoenix Is. PLM Palmyra (US Northem Line Is.) PNG Papua New Guinea PNR Panama Republic POL Poland POR Portugal PRG Paraguay PRU Peru PRV Okino-Tori-Shima (Parece Vela) PTC Pitcairn PTR Puerto Rico QAT Qatar REU Reunion ROU Roumania RRW Rwanda RUS Russian Federation S Sweden SAP San Andres & Providencia SCN Saint Kitts - Nevis SCO Scott I. SDN Sudan SEN Senegal SEY Seychelles SGA South Georgia Is. SHN Saint Helena I. SLM Solomon Is. SLV EI Salvador SMA Samoa (American) SMO Samoa SMR San Marino SNG Singapore SOK South Orkney Is. SOM Somalia SPM Saint Pierre & Miquelon SPO Sao Paulo I. SPR Spratly Is. SRB Serbia SRL Sierra Leone SSI South Sandwich Is. STB Saint Barthelemy STP Sao Tome & Principe SUI Switzerland SUR Suriname SVB Svalbard SVK Slovakia SVN Slovenia SWZ Swaziland SYR Syria TCD Tchad TCI Turks & Caicos Is. TGO Togo THA Thaiiand TJK Tadjikistan TKL Tokelau I. TKM Turkmenistan TON Tonga TRC Tristan da Cunha TRD Trinidad & Tobago TRI Trindade & Martim Vaz Is., TUA Tuamotu Archipelago TUN Tunisia TUR Turkey TUV Tuvalu TWN Taiwan TZA Tanzania UAE United Arab Emirates UGA Uganda UKR Ukraine URG Uruguay USA United States of America UZB Uzbekistan VCT Saint Vincent VEN Venezuela VIR American Virgin Is. VRG British Virgin Is. VTN Vietnam VUT Vanuatu WAK Wake I. WAL Waliis & Futuna Is. YEM Yemen ZMB Zambia ZWE Zimbabwe III) Target-area codes. Af - Africa Am - America(s) As - Asia C.. - Central .. Car - Caribbean Cau - Caucasus CIS - Commonwealth of Independent States (Former Soviet Union) CNA - Central North America E.. - East .. ENA - Eastern North America Eu - Europe (often including North Africa/Middle East) FE - Far East LAm - Latin America (=Central and South America) ME - Middle East N.. - North .. NAO - North Atlantic Ocean Oc - Oceania (Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Ocean) S.. - South .. SAO - South Atlantic Ocean SEA - South East Asia SEE - South East Europe Sib - Siberia W.. - West .. WNA - Western North America Alternatively, ITU country codes may be used if the target area is limited to a certain country. This is often the case for domestic stations. IV) Transmitter site codes. One-letter or two-letter codes for different transmitter sites within one country. No such code is used if there is only one transmitter site in that country. The code is used plainly if the transmitter is located within the home country of the station. Otherwise, it is preced by "/ABC" where ABC is the ITU code of the host country of the transmitter site. Example: A BBC broadcast, relayed by the transmitters in Samara, Russia, would be designated as "/RUS-s". In many cases, a station has a "major" transmitter site which is normally not designated. Should this station use a different transmitter site in certain cases, they are marked. No transmitter-site code is used when the transmitter site is not known. AFS: Meyerton 26S35-28E08 AGL: Mulenvos 08S53-13E20 AIA: The Valley 18N13-63W01 ALB: CRI: Cerrik 40N59'47"-19E59'58" (1x100kW = 2x50kW) R Tirana: Shijiak 41N19'53"5-19E33'08"6 (1x100kW = 2x50kW) MW: Durres/Fllake 41N22'11"-19E30'17" (500 kW) ALS: Anchor Point 59N45-151W44 ARG: General Pacheco 34S36-58W22 ARM: Gavar (formerly Kamo) 40N25-45E11 ARS: Riyadh 24N30-46E23 except j-Jeddah 21N32-39E10 ASC: Ascension Island, 07S54-14W23 ATA: Base Esperanza 63S24-56W59 ATG: St.John's 17N06-61W48 (2 x 250kW) ATN: Bonaire 12N12-68W18 AUS: Shepparton 36S20-145E25 except: a-Alice Springs 23S49-133E51 b-Brandon 19S31-147E20 d-Darwin NT 12S25-136E37 h-Humpty Doo NT 12S34-131E05 ka-Katherine NT 14S24-132E11 ku-Kununurra WA 15S48-128E41 t-Tennant Creek NT 19S40-134E16 AUT: Moosbrunn 48N00-16E28 AZE: Gäncä 40N37-46E20 BEL: Wavre(Waver) 50N44-04E34 BEN: Parakou 09N20-02E38 BGD: Dhaka 23N43-90E26 BHR: Abu Hayan 26N02-50E37 BIH: Bijeljina 44N42-19E10 BIO: Diego Garcia 07S03-72E04 BLR: Minsk-Sasnovy 53N56-27E34 except: b - Brest 52N20-23E35 (5kW) g - Hrodna/Grodno 53N40-23E50(5 kW) m - Mahiliou/Mogilev ("Orsha") 53N37-30E20 (5 kW) BOT: VoA: Mopeng Hill 21S57-27E39 BTN: Thimphu 27N28-89E39 BUL: Plovdiv-Padarsko 42N10-24E42 (2x500kW,3x250kW) except s-Sofia-Kostinbrod 42N49-23E13 (2x100kW,2x50kW) v-Varna 43N03-27E40 747-Petrich 41N42-23E18 (500kW) 1224-Vidin 43N49-22E40 (500kW) CAN: Sackville 45N53-64W19 except c-Calgary AB j-St John's NL 47N34-52W48 o-Ottawa ON 40N18-75W45 t-Toronto (Aurora) ON 44N00-79W30 v-Vancouver BC 49N11-123W04 CBG: Phnom Penh 11N34-104E51 CHL: Santiago 33S27-70W41 CHN: a-Baoji 34N30-107E10 (5x100kW) b-Beijing 39N57-116E27 B-Beijing 39N55-116E25 (12x100kW,9x50kW) d-Dongfang (Hainan) 18N54-108E39 (150kW) e-Gejiu (Yunnan) 23N21-103E08 g-Gannan (Hezuo) 35N06-102E54 h-Hohhot (Nei Menggu) 41N12-111E30 j-Jinhua 28N07-119E39 k-Kunming (Yunnan) 25N10-102E50 ka-Kashi (Kashgar) (Xinjiang) 39N30-76E00 L-Lingshi (Shanxi) 36N52-111E40 (6x100kW) n-Nanning (Guangxi) 22N47-108E11 q-Ge'ermu (Qinghai) 36N24-94E59 (100kW) qq-Qiqihar 47N02-124E03 (500kW) s-Shijiazhuang (Hebei) 38N04-114E28 (5x50kW) t-Tibet (Lhasa) 29N30-90E59 u-Urumqi (Xinjiang) 43N35-87E30 (6x500kW) x-Xian (Shaanxi) 34N12-108E54 603-Guangdong 684-Dongfang 1296-Kunming Regional Stations: Fuzhou:26N06-119E24 Lhasa:29N30-90E59 Nanchang:28N38-115E56 Nanjing:32N02-118E44 Nanning:32N02-108E11 Qinghai: Xining 36N38-101E36 CLN: DW: Trincomalee 08N44-81E10 (SW 3 x 250kW, MW 400kW) R.Japan/SLBC: Ekala 07N06-79E54 RL/VoA: Iranawila 07N32-79E30 CTR: Gene Scott: Cahuita 09N45-82W54 REE: Caiari de Porocí 10N00-83W30 CUB: La Habana (Quivicán) 22N50-82W17 CVA: Santa Maria di Galeria 42N03-12E19 except: v-Citta del Vaticano 41N54-12E27 CYP: Zygi (Limassol) 34N43-33E19 except: y-Yeni Iskele 35N13-33E55 CZE: Litomysl 49N48-16E10 D: b-Biblis 49N41-08E29 be-Berlin 52N30-13E20 d-Dillberg 49N19-11E23 e-Erlangen 49N35-11E00 h-Holzkirchen 47N52-11E44 ha-Hannover 52N23-09E42 i-Ismaning 48N15-11E45 j-Juelich 50N57-06E22 ( 100kW) L-Lampertheim 49N36-08E33 n-Nauen 52N38-12E54 ( 4 x 500kW) nu-Nuernberg 49N27-11E05 w-Wertachtal 48N05-10E41 (13 x 500kW) DJI: Djibouti 11N30-43E00 DNK: Karup 56N18-09E10 E: Noblejas 39N57-03W26 EGY: a-Abis 31N10-30E05 z-Abu Zaabal 30N16-31E22 ETH: R.Ethiopia: Geja Jewe 08N47-38E38 F: Issoudun 46N57-01E59 r-Rennes 48N06-01W41 FIN: YLE: Pori 61N28-21E35 Scand.Weekend R.: Virrat 62N23-23E37 G: r-Rampisham 50N48-02W38 s-Skelton 54N44-02W54 w-Woofferton 52N19-02W43 cp-London-Crystal Palace cr-London-Croydon 648,1296-Orfordness (SE coast) 198-Droitwich GAB: Moyabi 01S40-13E31 GEO: Dusheti 42N03-44E41 GNE: Bata 01N48-09E46 GRC: Avlis (38N23-23E36) GUF: Montsinery 04N54-52W36 GUM: AWR: Station KSDA, Agat, 13N20-144E39 KTWR: Agana 13N17-144E40 AFRTS: Barrigada 13N34-144E50 GUY: Sparendaam 06N49-58W10 HNG: Jaszbereny 47N35-19E52 HOL: Flevo 52N21-05E27 HRV: Deanovec 45N41-16E27 HWA: Naalehu 19N02-155W40 AFRTS: Pearl Harbour 21N25-158W09 I: RAI,VoM: Roma (Prato Smeraldo) 41N48-12E31 IRRS: unknown. Formerly Milano 45N27-09E11 IND: a-Aligarh 28N00-78E06 b-Bengaluru-Doddaballapur (Bangalore) 13N14-77E13 c-Chennai(ex Madras) 13N08-80E07 d-Delhi (Kingsway) 26N45-77E12 g-Gorakhpur 23N52-83E28 k-Delhi(Khampur) 28N43-77E38 m-Mumbai (ex Bombay) 19N11-72E49 p-Panaji (ex Goa) 15N28-73E51 w-Guwahati 26N11-91E50 594,1134-Kolkata(Calcutta)-Chinsurah 702-Jalandhar 1053-Tuticorin 1071-Rajkot Regional Stations: Aizawl(10kW):23N43-92E43 Bhopal(50kW):23N10-77E38 Chennai(50kW):13N08-80E07 Delhi(Kingsway)(50kW):26N45-77E12 Gangtok(10kW):27N22-88E37 Guwahati(50kW):26N11-91E50 Hyderabad(50kW):17N20-78E33 Imphal(50kW):24N37-93E54 Itanagar(50kW):27N04-93E36 Jaipur(50kW):26N54-75E45 Jammu(50kW):32N45-75E00 Jeypore(50kW):18N55-82E34 Kohima(50kW):25N39-94E06 Kolkata(Calcutta)(50kW):22N27-88E18 Kurseong(50kW):26N55-88E19 Leh(10kW):34N08-77E29 Lucknow(50kW):26N53-81E03 Mumbai(50kW):19N11-72E49 Port Blair-Brookshabad(5kW):11N37-92E45 Ranchi(50kW):23N24-85E22 Shillong(50kW):25N26-91E49 Shimla(50kW):31N00-77E05 Srinagar(50kW):34N00-74E50 Thiruvananthapuram(Trivendrum)(50kW):08N29-76E59 INS: Jakarta (Cimanggis) 06S12-106E51 IRN: a-Ahwaz 31N20-48E40 k-Kamalabad 35N46-51E27 m-Mashhad 36N15-59E33 s-Sirjan 29N27-55E41 z-Zahedan 29N28-60E53 ISL: Reykjavík 64N05-21W50 ISR: Yavne 31N52-34E45 J: Yamata 36N10-139E50 JOR: Al Karanah 31N44-36E26 KAZ: Almaty (Alma Ata, Dmitrievka) 43N17-77E00 k-Karaturuk 43N39-77E56 KGZ: Bishkek 42N54-74E37 KOR: Kimjae 35N50-126E50 except: h-Hwasung 37N13-126E47 KRE: k-Kanggye 40N58-126E36 p-Pyongyang 39N05-125E23 u-Kujang 40N05-125E05 KWT: Sulaibiyah 29N10-47E45 LAO: Vientiane 17N58-102E33 LTU: Sitkunai 55N02-23E49 http://www.geocities.com/ratekona/sit LUX: Junglinster 49N43-06E15 LVA: Ulbroka 56N56-24E17 MCO: Mont Angel/Fontbonne 43N44-07E26 MDA: Maiac near Grigoriopol 47N14-29E24 MDG: Talata Volonondry 18S43-47E37 MLA: ka-Kajang 03N01-101E46 except: kk-Kota Kinabalu 06N12-116E14 ku-Kuching 01N33-110E20 s-Sibu 02N18-111E49 MLI: Bamako 12N39-08W01 MNG: Ulaanbaatar 47N55-107E00 MRA: RFA/RL/VoA: Tinian 15N03-145E36 except: s-Saipan (Agingan Point) 15N07-145E42 KFBS: Marpi, Saipan 15N16-145E48 MRC: VoA/RL/RFE:Briech 35N34-05W58 RTM:Tanger 35N48-05W55 except n-Nador 35N03-02W55 Medi-1: Nador 35N03-02W55 NOR: k-Kvitsoy 59N04-05E27 s-Sveio 59N37-05E19 NZL: Rangitaiki 38S50-176E25 OMA: Radio Oman: t-Thumrait 17N38-53E56 s-Seeb 23N40-58E10 BBC: A'Seela 21N57-59E27 PAK: Islamabad 33N27-73E12 except: p-Peshawar 34N00-71E30 (10kW) q-Quetta 30N15-67E00 (10kW) r-Rawalpindi 33N30-73E00 (10kW) PAL: Medorn 07N22-134E28 PHL: RL/Voa: Tinang 15N21-120E37 except: x-Tinang-2(portable) 15N21-120E38 (50kW) 1143-Poro 16N26-120E17 FEBC: Bocaue 14N48-120E55 except: i-Iba 15N22-119E57 RVA, R Vaticana: Palauig,Zembales 15N28-119E50 DUR2 9581: 14N41-120E59 POL: Warszawa 52N04-20E52 POR: DW: Sines 37N57-08W45 (3 x 250kW) RdP: Sao Gabriel(Lisboa) 38N45-08W40 except s-Sines. PTR: Roosevelt Roads 18N23-67W11 ROU: Tiganesti 44N42-26E06 except: g-Galbeni 46N44-26E50 s-Saftica 50kW RUS: a-Armavir/Tblisskaya/Krasnodar 45N00-40E49 ar-Arkhangelsk 64N30-40E30 b-Blagoveshchensk (Amur) 50N16-127E30 c-Chita (Atamanovka) (S Siberia) 51N50-113E43 e-Ekaterinburg (S Ural) 56N55-60E36 i-Irkutsk (Angarsk) (S Siberia) 52N18-104E18 k-Kaliningrad-Bolshakovo 54N54-21E43 ka-Komsomolsk-na-Amur (Far East) 50N39-136E55 kh-Khabarovsk (Far East) 48N33-135E15 kr-Krasnoyarsk 56N01-92E54 ku-Kurovskaya-Avsyunino (near Moscow) 55N34-39E09 m-Moscow/Moskva 55N45-37E18 ma-Magadan mu-Murmansk 68N58-32E46 n-Novosibirsk (Oyash) 55N31-83E45 except for DW: Novosibirsk City 55N04-82E58 p-Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskij (Yelizovo) 52N59-158E39 s-Samara (Zhygulevsk) 53N17-50E15 se-Serpukhov [actually Noginsk but Noginsk closed with start of A03] 54N54-37E25 sp-St.Petersburg (Popovka/Krasnyj Bor) 59N39-30E42 t-Taldom - Severnyj (near Moscow) 56N44-37E38 u-Ulan-Ude v-Vladivostok (Razdolnoye) 43N32-131E57 ya-Yakutsk/Tulagino 62N01-129E48 ys-Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Vestochka) 46N55-142E54 RRW: Kigali 01S53-30E07 (4 x 250kW) S: Hoerby 55N49-13E44 SEY: Mahe 04S36-55E28 SNG: Kranji 01N25-103E44 SRB: s-Stubline 44N34-20E09 SRL: SLBS: Goderich 08N30-13W14 STP: Pinheira 00N18-06E46 SVK: Rimavska Sobota 48N23-20E00 SWZ: Manzini 26S34-31E59 SYR: Adra 33N27-36E30 TCD: N'Djamena-Gredia 12N08-15E03 THA: RL/R.THA/VoA: Udon Thani 17N25-102E48 except: b-Bangkok / Prathum Thani(1575,4830,6070,7115) 13N47-100E30 BBC: Nakhon Sawan 15N49-100E04 TJK: y-Yangi Yul (Dushanbe) 38N29-68E48 o-Orzu 37N32-68E42 TUN: Sfax 34N48-10E53 TUR: Emirler 39N29-32E51 except c-Cakirlar 39N58-32E40 TWN: h-Huwei 23N43-120E25 k-Kouhu 23N35-120E10 m-Minhsiung 23N29-120E27 n-Tainan 23N11-120E38 p-Paochung 23N43-120E18 s-Tanshui 25N13-121E29 t-Taipei (Pali) 25N05-121E27 UAE: Dhabbiya 24N11-54E14 except m-Makta 24N21-54E34 UAE R Dubai: Dubai 25N14-55E16 UKR: Kiev/Brovary 50N31-30E46 except: L-Lviv (Krasne) (Russian name: Lvov) 49N51-24E40 m-Mykolaiv (Kopani) (Russian name:Nikolayev) 46N49-32E14 x-Kharkiv (Taranivka) (Russian name: Kharkov) 49N38-36E07 z-Zaporizhzhya 657-Chernivtsi. 936-Krasne. USA: c-Cypress Creek, SC 32N41-81W08 d-Delano, CA 35N45-119W10 g-Greenville, NC 35N35-77W22 k-Key Saddlebunch, FL 24N34-81W45 o-Okeechobee, FL 27N28-80W56 w-via WWCR (see below) KAIJ: Dallas, TX 33N13-96W52 KJES: Vado, NM 32N08-106W35 KTBN: Salt Lake City, UT 40N39-112W03 KVOH: Los Angeles (Rancho Simi), CA 34N15-118W38 WBCQ: Monticello, ME 46N20-67W50 WBOH: Newport, NC 34N47-76W56 WEWN: Birmingham (Vandiver), AL 33N30-86W28 WGTG: McGaysville, GA 34N58-84W22 WHRA: Greenbush, ME 45N08-68W34 WHRI: Cypress Creek, SC 32N41-81W08 WINB: Red Lion (York), PA 39N54-76W35 WJIE: Millerstown, KY 37N26-86W02 WMLK: Bethel, PA 40N29-76W17 WRMI: Miami (Hialeah Gardens), FL 25N54-80W22 WRNO: New Orleans, LA 29N50-90W07 WTJC: Newport, NC 34N47-76W53 WYFR: Okeechobee, FL 27N28-80W56 WWBS: Macon, GA 32N50-83W38 WWCR: Nashville, TN 36N13-86W54 WWRB: Manchester / Morrison, TN 35N29-86W02 UZB: Tashkent 41N13-69E09 VTN: Sontay 21N12-105E22 except: d-Daclac 12N41-108E31 h-Hanoi-Metri 20N59-105E52 x-Xuan Mai 20N43-105E33 YEM: a-Al Hiswah/Aden 12N50-45E02 s-Sanaa 15N22-44E11